浪涌保護器是對高低壓開關柜提供安全防護的電子裝置。在低壓供電系統中，則采用的分級保護。為供電系統中的浪涌保護器組成了三道防線。下面，得潤電氣小(xiao)編(bian)為大家簡(jian)述這三道防(fang)線的具體作用：

[第一道防線(xian)(xian)] 應是連接在用戶供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)入口(kou)進(jin)線(xian)(xian)各相和大地(di)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)大容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)防浪(lang)涌(yong)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)。一般要(yao)求該級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)具備100KA/相以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)最大沖擊容量(liang)，要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應小于2800V。我(wo)們稱為CLASS I 級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)浪(lang)涌(yong)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi) （簡(jian)稱SPD））。 這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)防浪(lang)涌(yong)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)是專為承受雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和感應雷(lei)擊的(de)(de)(de)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和高(gao)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)浪(lang)涌(yong)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)吸收而設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)將(jiang)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)分流(liu)到大地(di)。它(ta)們僅提供(gong)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（沖擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過SPD時，線(xian)(xian)路(lu)上(shang)出現的(de)(de)(de)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)成為限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)）為中等(deng)級(ji)別的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)，因為CLASS I 級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)主要(yao)是對大浪(lang)涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)吸收。僅靠它(ta)們是不能(neng)(neng)完全保(bao)護(hu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)內部的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)感用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備。

[第二(er)道(dao)防線]  應(ying)該(gai)(gai)是安(an)裝在向重要(yao)(yao)或敏感用(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)供電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)分路配電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)處的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源防浪(lang)涌(yong)保護器。這些SPD對于(yu)通過了(le)用(yong)戶(hu)供電(dian)(dian)入口浪(lang)涌(yong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余(yu)浪(lang)涌(yong)能量進行更完善的(de)(de)(de)吸收，對于(yu)瞬態過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)具有極(ji)好的(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)制作用(yong)。該(gai)(gai)處使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源防浪(lang)涌(yong)保護器要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大沖擊容量為40KA/相以(yi)上，要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)限制電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)小于(yu)2000V。我們稱為CLASS II 級電(dian)(dian)源防浪(lang)涌(yong)保護器。一般的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)供電(dian)(dian)系統作到第二(er)級保護就(jiu)可以(yi)達到用(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)運行的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求了(le)。

[最后的(de)防線(xian)] 可在用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備內(nei)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)部分使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)一個內(nei)置(zhi)式的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)防浪涌保(bao)護器，以(yi)達(da)到完全(quan)消除微(wei)小(xiao)瞬態(tai)(tai)的(de)瞬態(tai)(tai)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)目的(de)。該處(chu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)防浪涌保(bao)護器要求的(de)最大(da)沖擊容量為(wei)20KA/相或(huo)更低(di)一些，要求的(de)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)應小(xiao)于(yu)1800V。對(dui)于(yu)一些特別(bie)重要或(huo)特別(bie)敏感的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備，具備第三級(ji)的(de)保(bao)護是必要的(de)。同時也可以(yi)保(bao)護用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備免(mian)受(shou)系(xi)統(tong)內(nei)部產(chan)生的(de)瞬態(tai)(tai)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)影響(xiang)。

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