無功補償裝置的原理和實現形式
安徽得潤電氣專業生產、銷售高低壓無功補償裝置,適用(yong)于建材(cai)、冶金、電(dian)力(li)、化(hua)工、石油、民建等行業的變電(dian)所(suo)、配(pei)電(dian)室,起到無(wu)功(gong)補償提(ti)高功(gong)率因數的作用(yong)。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力負(fu)荷(he)如電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機、變壓器等,大(da)部分(fen)屬于(yu)感性(xing)負(fu)荷(he),在運行過程中需向這些(xie)設(she)備提供相應的(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中安裝并聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器等無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)補償設(she)備以后,可以提供感性(xing)負(fu)載所消耗的(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv),減少了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源向感性(xing)負(fu)荷(he)提供、由線(xian)路(lu)輸送(song)的(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv),由于(yu)減少了(le)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中的(de)流動,因(yin)(yin)此(ci)可以降低線(xian)路(lu)和變壓器因(yin)(yin)輸送(song)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)造成的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能損耗,這就是(shi)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)補償。
無(wu)功(gong)(gong)補(bu)償的(de)基本原理一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)(shi)這樣的(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸出(chu)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)包(bao)括兩(liang)部(bu)分:一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv);二是(shi)(shi)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。直接(jie)消(xiao)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng),把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉變為機械能(neng)(neng)(neng)、熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)、化學能(neng)(neng)(neng)或聲(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng),利用這些能(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)功(gong)(gong),這部(bu)分功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)稱(cheng)為有(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv),不消(xiao)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。只是(shi)(shi)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換為另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)形(xing)式的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng),這種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠作(zuo)(zuo)功(gong)(gong)的(de)必備條件(jian)。此外(wai),這種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進行周期(qi)性轉換,這部(bu)分功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)稱(cheng)為無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv),如電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)元件(jian)建立磁(ci)場占(zhan)用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng),電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器建立電(dian)(dian)(dian)場所占(zhan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng).電(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感元件(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)功(gong)(gong)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)流滯后于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)90°。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元件(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)功(gong)(gong)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)流超前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)90°。在(zai)(zai)同一(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)感電(dian)(dian)(dian)流與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流方(fang)向相反,互差180°。如果在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)元件(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)比例(li)地安裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元件(jian),使(shi)兩(liang)者的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流相互抵消(xiao),使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)矢量與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)矢量之間的(de)夾角(jiao)縮小。
無功補償的具體實現方式:把具有容性功率負荷的裝置與感性功率負荷并聯接在同一電路,能量在兩種負荷之間相互交換。這樣,感性負荷所需要的無功功率可由容性負荷輸出的無功功率補償。這就需要無功補償裝置來實現。
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