在配電室中，我們會經常在無功補償柜中看(kan)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的存在，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器在配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置中承擔儲存和(he)(he)釋放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的作用，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器是由兩塊(kuai)平行極(ji)板和(he)(he)極(ji)板件(jian)的絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料組成的。

一、電容器的結構

1、電容器常(chang)用的(de)固(gu)體電介質

（1）紙介質

（2）膜紙復合介質

（3）純膜介質

2、內部結構

（1）多元件串聯

多元件(jian)串(chuan)聯的(de)目的(de)是能夠(gou)承受較高的(de)電壓(ya)。

（2）多元件并聯

多元件并(bing)聯目(mu)的是(shi)獲得較大的電(dian)容量。

二、電容器的特性

1、并聯電容器

并聯電(dian)(dian)容器用于電(dian)(dian)力(li)負(fu)(fu)荷無功(gong)補償(chang)，在(zai)(zai)用電(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)大(da)量的(de)(de)無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)，如感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)、變(bian)壓器中(zhong)的(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)功(gong)率(lv)、輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路電(dian)(dian)感(gan)消耗的(de)(de)無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)，無功(gong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)(zai)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路中(zhong)傳(chuan)輸(shu)時，就(jiu)會在(zai)(zai)線(xian)路、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)室變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)導(dao)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)中(zhong)產生(sheng)損耗，造成(cheng)不必(bi)要的(de)(de)浪費。

2、串聯電容器

串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)用于輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)無功補(bu)償，輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)存(cun)在(zai)一定的(de)分(fen)布電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感，線(xian)路(lu)越長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感量越大，增加(jia)(jia)了(le)線(xian)路(lu)的(de)阻抗和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)。在(zai)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)中串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)壓(ya)降(jiang)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感上(shang)的(de)壓(ya)降(jiang)互(hu)相抵消，從而減小(xiao)了(le)線(xian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)，加(jia)(jia)長了(le)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離和輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力，提高輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)質量和系(xi)統的(de)穩定性。

三、電容(rong)器的保(bao)護措施

1、串(chuan)聯電抗(kang)器限流；

2、采用無(wu)重燃開關（如SF6開關）；

3、開關(guan)中增加輔助(zhu)觸頭(tou)和并聯電阻；

4、單(dan)元件熔斷絲(si)保(bao)護(hu)；

5、加裝避雷(lei)器保護(hu)；

6、三相電容器組采用雙星形接法。

電(dian)(dian)容器在(zai)電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)很多的，如耦合(he)、濾波、諧振、高頻消振、旁路、中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)、補(bu)(bu)償等作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，電(dian)(dian)容在(zai)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)路里可將電(dian)(dian)壓維(wei)持在(zai)較高的平均值，改善增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)壓的穩(wen)定性。對大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)負載的突發啟(qi)動(dong)給予(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)補(bu)(bu)償，電(dian)(dian)力補(bu)(bu)償電(dian)(dian)容組(zu)可提供巨大(da)的瞬(shun)間電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，減少對電(dian)(dian)網的沖(chong)擊。

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