無功補償柜一般用什么進行補償?有哪些補償形式?
無功功率不是無用功率,在交流供電系統中,電感和電容都是必不可少的負載。它縮成到的作用是提高電網中的功率因數,其需要控制在0.95以上。無功補償柜一般是把具有容(rong)性(xing)(xing)功率(lv)負荷(he)的裝置(zhi)與(yu)感性(xing)(xing)功率(lv)負荷(he)并聯接在同一電路(lu),使(shi)能量在容(rong)性(xing)(xing)負載(zai)和感性(xing)(xing)負載(zai)之間交(jiao)換。
一、無功補償的原因
當系(xi)統中無(wu)功功率需求(qiu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)時,如果不安(an)裝無(wu)功補(bu)償裝置,發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)要(yao)通(tong)過調相的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式來(lai)加大(da)無(wu)功功率輸出,由于發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)是有限的(de)(de)(de)(de),那么就(jiu)勢必要(yao)減少有功功率的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出量(liang),也(ye)就(jiu)是降低發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出能(neng)力,為滿足用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機、供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)和變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)需增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da),這樣(yang)不僅增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加供電(dian)(dian)(dian)投(tou)(tou)資、降低設備利用(yong)率,也(ye)將增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加線路(lu)損耗(hao)。為了降低發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)功供給壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力,在供電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中感(gan)性(xing)負(fu)載(zai)消耗(hao)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)點投(tou)(tou)入相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)來(lai)為感(gan)性(xing)負(fu)載(zai)提供無(wu)功功率,這樣(yang)就(jiu)減輕了發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)功供給壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力。
二、補償形式
1、就地補償
就地補(bu)償是通過(guo)對電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的補(bu)償,從而降低電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的線路損耗。將固定容量的電(dian)容器組(zu)并聯(lian)在無功(gong)(gong)(gong)負載(zai)上,就地提供固定容量的容性無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率,補(bu)償感性無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率。一(yi)般針對大電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的補(bu)償方式。
2、集中補償
集中(zhong)補(bu)償(chang)是通(tong)過電容對整(zheng)(zheng)個電網(wang)的(de)補(bu)償(chang),從而維持(chi)整(zheng)(zheng)個電網(wang)的(de)平衡。固(gu)定容量的(de)電容器(qi)組并聯連接在配(pei)電變壓器(qi)3~35kV母(mu)線上(shang),提供固(gu)定容量的(de)容性無(wu)功功率(lv),補(bu)償(chang)感性無(wu)功功率(lv),改善功率(lv)因數。
三、作用
(1)補償無功(gong)功(gong)率,提高功(gong)率因(yin)數
(2)降低輸電線路及變壓(ya)器的(de)損耗
(3)增加(jia)電網的傳輸(shu)能力,提高(gao)設備(bei)利用率(lv)
(4)改善電壓質量
(5)節約電量
無功(gong)(gong)(gong)補償柜可(ke)以(yi)分為高(gao)(gao)壓無功(gong)(gong)(gong)補償柜和低(di)壓無功(gong)(gong)(gong)補償,高(gao)(gao)壓無功(gong)(gong)(gong)補償柜又可(ke)以(yi)細(xi)分為自動補償、集中(zhong)補償、就地補償等補償方式,低(di)壓無功(gong)(gong)(gong)補償柜也可(ke)以(yi)細(xi)分為接觸器(qi)、負(fu)荷開關、可(ke)控(kong)硅等投切方式。根據現場需(xu)求不同、線路(lu)負(fu)載情(qing)況、電機功(gong)(gong)(gong)率大(da)小等要素選擇(ze)合適的補償按方案(an),確保有(you)效提高(gao)(gao)電力系(xi)統中(zhong)的電能的利用率,降低(di)損耗。
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