當開關柜經外觀檢查未發現故障點時，可根據故障現象，結合電路圖分析故障原因，在不擴大故障范圍、不損傷電氣和機械設備的前提下，進行直接通電試驗，或除去負載（從控制箱接線端子扳上卸下）通電試驗，以分清開關柜的故障可能是(shi)在(zai)(zai)電氣部(bu)分(fen)還是(shi)在(zai)(zai)機(ji)械(xie)等其(qi)他部(bu)分(fen)；是(shi)在(zai)(zai)電動(dong)機(ji)上還是(shi)在(zai)(zai)控制(zhi)(zhi)設(she)備上；是(shi)在(zai)(zai)主電路上還是(shi)在(zai)(zai)控制(zhi)(zhi)電路上。例(li)如，接(jie)觸器(qi)吸(xi)合(he)電動(dong)機(ji)不動(dong)作，則故障在(zai)(zai)主電路中；如接(jie)觸器(qi)不吸(xi)合(he)，則故障在(zai)(zai)控制(zhi)(zhi)電路中。

確定(ding)無危險情(qing)(qing)況下，通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試車，觀(guan)察(cha)(cha)實際情(qing)(qing)況。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)情(qing)(qing)況下要求(qiu)開關(guan)柜(ju)的(de)(de)調試人員應按正常(chang)操(cao)作(zuo)程序啟動(dong)(dong)設(she)備(bei)。如果(guo)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)不是整機性(xing)的(de)(de)導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統癱瘓，可以采(cai)用試運轉的(de)(de)方法進(jin)行排查，幫助調試人員對(dui)(dui)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)原始狀態有(you)個綜合的(de)(de)評估(gu)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)情(qing)(qing)況下先檢(jian)查開關(guan)柜(ju)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，具體方法是：操(cao)作(zuo)某(mou)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)按鈕(niu)或開關(guan)時(shi)，線路中(zhong)有(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)接觸(chu)器(qi)(qi)、繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)將按規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)順序進(jin)行工(gong)作(zuo)。若依次動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)至某(mou)一(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)元器(qi)(qi)件(jian)時(shi)，發現動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)不符合要求(qiu)，即說(shuo)明(ming)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)元器(qi)(qi)件(jian)或其(qi)相關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路有(you)問(wen)題，在此開關(guan)柜(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)進(jin)行逐項分(fen)析和檢(jian)查，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)便可發現故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)。待控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)排除恢復正路，檢(jian)查對(dui)(dui)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)效果(guo)，觀(guan)察(cha)(cha)開關(guan)柜(ju)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)情(qing)(qing)況有(you)無異常(chang)等。

在(zai)開(kai)關柜通電(dian)(dian)試(shi)驗時，必須注意人身和設(she)(she)備的(de)安(an)全。要(yao)遵守(shou)安(an)全操作規程，不(bu)(bu)得隨意觸動(dong)(dong)帶電(dian)(dian)部要(yao)盡可能切斷電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)源，只在(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)帶電(dian)(dian)的(de)情況下(xia)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)查；如需電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機運(yun)轉(zhuan)，則應使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機在(zai)空載下(xia)運(yun)行(xing)，以(yi)避免設(she)(she)備的(de)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)部分發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)誤動(dong)(dong)作和碰撞；要(yao)暫時隔斷有故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，以(yi)免故(gu)障(zhang)擴大，并預先充分估計到局部線路(lu)動(dong)(dong)作后可能發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)后果。

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