很多人對于開閉所、配電房、變電所、變電站、變壓站、箱變這幾個名詞的概念模糊不清，更沒辦法具體區分他們之間區別，而得潤電氣今天(tian)就是(shi)要(yao)為各位分享它(ta)們(men)之間的區別于作用(yong)的。更加具(ju)體的為各位找到了它(ta)們(men)各自的定義：

（一）開閉所

定義：開(kai)閉(bi)所(suo)，指(zhi)不進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)壓變換而用開(kai)關(guan)設備實(shi)現電(dian)路開(kai)閉(bi)的(de)(de)配電(dian)所(suo)，是(shi)將(jiang)高壓電(dian)力(li)分(fen)別向周圍的(de)(de)幾(ji)個用電(dian)單(dan)位供電(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)設施，位于電(dian)力(li)系統中變電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)下一級(ji)。其(qi)特征是(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)進(jin)線(xian)側和出線(xian)側的(de)(de)電(dian)壓相同。當然，區(qu)域變電(dian)站(zhan)也具有開(kai)閉(bi)所(suo)的(de)(de)功能。但(dan)需明(ming)確的(de)(de)是(shi)，開(kai)閉(bi)所(suo)是(shi)區(qu)別于變電(dian)站(zhan)而言的(de)(de)。

開閉所也指用于(yu)接(jie)收(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力并分配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)供(gong)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施，高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中稱(cheng)為(wei)開關(guan)站(zhan)。中壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中的(de)(de)開閉所一般用于(yu)10kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)接(jie)受與分配(pei)。開閉所一般兩進多出(常用4~6出)，只是(shi)根據不同的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，進出可以設置斷路器、負荷開關(guan)。是(shi)全(quan)金(jin)屬密閉，能夠在室外運行的(de)(de)10KV電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級以下的(de)(de)開關(guan)柜組合。轉供(gong)容量8000KW左右，向(xiang)地塊或區域(yu)的(de)(de)變(bian)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)室提(ti)供(gong)中壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

位置(zhi)：設在車(che)站、貨場附近、電力機務段、樞(shu)紐站等(deng)大宗負荷處。

作用(yong)：將供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)臂分段，事故時縮小(xiao)事故范圍(wei)，提高供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的可靠性(xing)、靈活性(xing)；減少變電(dian)(dian)(dian)所的復雜(za)性(xing)；不改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大(da)小(xiao)，只擴(kuo)大(da)饋線回路數，相(xiang)當(dang)于配電(dian)(dian)(dian)所。

（二）配電房

定義：配電房又叫配電所，在國家標準里面，配電所的定義是:"所內只有起開閉和分配電能作用的高壓配電裝置，母線上無主變壓器"。配電房電壓等級在35KV等級以下，內部安裝有開關、互感器、電容器以及相關的保護測量裝置。通俗點說：蓋個房子，把變壓器放進去，還有進出線柜之類的，就成配電房（室）了~規模較大的，多臺變壓器、高壓柜、低壓柜等等各種，完成(cheng)變(bian)壓、分配(pei)電(dian)(dian)能的(de)一個(ge)獨立(li)場所，或建筑(zhu)物內(nei)的(de)一個(ge)區(qu)域內(nei)。配(pei)電(dian)(dian)所與變(bian)電(dian)(dian)所的(de)區(qu)別在于，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)房(配(pei)電(dian)(dian)所)無變(bian)壓器(qi)，而(er)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)所有變(bian)壓器(qi)。變(bian)、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)所主(zhu)要指小(xiao)區(qu)或大樓等的(de)變(bian)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)間。

配(pei)電(dian)房是大廈供電(dian)系(xi)統的關(guan)鍵部位，設(she)(she)專職電(dian)工對其(qi)實行(xing)24小(xiao)時運(yun)行(xing)值(zhi)(zhi)班(ban)。未經管理處經理、部門主管的許(xu)可(ke)，非工作(zuo)(zuo)人員不(bu)得(de)入內(nei)。值(zhi)(zhi)班(ban)員須(xu)持(chi)(chi)證上崗，熟(shu)悉(xi)配(pei)電(dian)設(she)(she)備狀(zhuang)況(kuang)、操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)方法(fa)和安全注意事(shi)項。值(zhi)(zhi)班(ban)員須(xu)密(mi)切注意電(dian)壓表(biao)、電(dian)流表(biao)、功率(lv)因數表(biao)的指(zhi)示情況(kuang);嚴(yan)(yan)禁(jin)空(kong)氣開(kai)關(guan)超載(zai)運(yun)行(xing)。經常保持(chi)(chi)配(pei)電(dian)房地(di)面及設(she)(she)備外(wai)表(biao)無(wu)塵。配(pei)電(dian)房設(she)(she)備的倒(dao)閘操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)由值(zhi)(zhi)班(ban)員單獨進行(xing)，其(qi)他在場人員只作(zuo)(zuo)監(jian)護，不(bu)得(de)插手;嚴(yan)(yan)禁(jin)兩(liang)人同時倒(dao)閘操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，以(yi)免(mian)發(fa)生錯誤。

公用(yong)配電(dian)房(fang)和專用(yong)配電(dian)房(fang)的區(qu)別(bie)在于：

1、從權限(xian)來(lai)講，專用(yong)配(pei)電(dian)房是由業主自主管(guan)理的；公用(yong)配(pei)電(dian)房屬于供電(dian)局(ju)管(guan)理的。

2、從負(fu)荷(he)分配(pei)(pei)來講，專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)房所供(gong)(gong)的負(fu)荷(he)是(shi)小區內的公共設(she)施設(she)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)，如消防泵(beng)，生(sheng)活泵(beng)，風機，電(dian)梯、公共照明(ming)和配(pei)(pei)套商業等設(she)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)；公用(yong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)房所供(gong)(gong)的負(fu)荷(he)是(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)供(gong)(gong)居民(min)生(sheng)活用(yong)電(dian)。

（三）變電所

定義(yi)：變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)，就是(shi)(shi)改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)場所(suo)與地(di)方。是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行(xing)變(bian)換、集中和(he)分配的(de)(de)場所(suo)。為保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)質量以及(ji)(ji)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)安全(quan)，在變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)中還需進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調整、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)控制以及(ji)(ji)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)和(he)主要電(dian)(dian)(dian)工設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)保護。按用(yong)(yong)途可分為電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)和(he)牽(qian)引變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣鐵路(lu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)車用(yong)(yong))。在國家標準GB50053-94《10kv及(ji)(ji)以下變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)設(she)(she)計(ji)規范》里面規定的(de)(de)術語定義(yi)是(shi)(shi)"10千伏及(ji)(ji)以下交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源經電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變(bian)壓(ya)器變(bian)壓(ya)后對(dui)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)"，符合(he)這個的(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)。

作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)：變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把(ba)發電(dian)站(zhan)發出的(de)(de)電(dian)，一般電(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)超(chao)過一兩千伏，如果直接遠(yuan)距(ju)離輸送，線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)會(hui)很大(da)，使得線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)上的(de)(de)電(dian)能損耗(hao)很大(da)，不(bu)經濟，而且線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)輸送功(gong)(gong)率很低。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)要用(yong)(yong)變(bian)壓(ya)器將(jiang)電(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)到(dao)幾(ji)(ji)萬(wan)伏甚至幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)萬(wan)伏（視距(ju)離和功(gong)(gong)率而定），以(yi)減小線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)。為了將(jiang)不(bu)同(tong)距(ju)離和功(gong)(gong)率的(de)(de)電(dian)力線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)連成電(dian)網(wang)，以(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)整(zheng)體安全性，就(jiu)需(xu)(xu)要多個(ge)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)把(ba)不(bu)同(tong)等級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)匹配(pei)連接起來(lai)。同(tong)樣，高壓(ya)電(dian)輸送到(dao)目的(de)(de)地后，為了適應不(bu)同(tong)用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要，又需(xu)(xu)將(jiang)其降壓(ya)到(dao)10500V、6300V、400V（即380/220V）等幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)等級(ji)(ji)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)在實際應用(yong)(yong)中需(xu)(xu)要那么多變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)。一般主變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)(suo)是(shi)指(zhi)一級(ji)(ji)變(bian)，下設二級(ji)(ji)變(bian)，一級(ji)(ji)變(bian)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)進行開關高壓(ya)配(pei)出，不(bu)負責電(dian)壓(ya)變(bian)送。

（四）變電站

定義：變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)場所(suo)(suo)。為了把發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠發(fa)出來(lai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸送到(dao)較遠(yuan)的(de)(de)地方，須把電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升(sheng)高，變(bian)為高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，到(dao)用戶附近(jin)再(zai)按需要把電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)低，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)升(sheng)降(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)工作靠變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)來(lai)完成。變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)主要設備(bei)是(shi)開關和變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器。按規模大(da)小不(bu)同，小的(de)(de)稱為變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)。變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)大(da)于變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)。變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo):一般是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級在(zai)110KV以下的(de)(de)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan);變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan):包括各種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級的(de)(de)"升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)、降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)"變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。

變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統中(zhong)變(bian)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、接(jie)受(shou)和(he)分配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)、控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)流向和(he)調整(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)設施，它(ta)通過其(qi)變(bian)壓(ya)器將各級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網聯系(xi)起來。變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站在特(te)定的(de)(de)環境中(zhong);是(shi)將AC-DC-AC轉換過程。像海底輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜以及遠距離的(de)(de)輸送中(zhong)。有(you)些采用高壓(ya)直流輸變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)形(xing)式。直流輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)克服(fu)交流輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)容抗損耗。具有(you)節能(neng)效應(ying)。

變電(dian)站(zhan)主要是高壓(ya)(ya)變電(dian)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)，或高壓(ya)(ya)變電(dian)低一級(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)，變電(dian)站(zhan)占地較大，根據(ju)不同電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)及容量不同占地不同。所以會有人叫它變壓(ya)(ya)站(zhan)……

位置：從(cong)供電經(jing)濟(ji)性(xing)的(de)角(jiao)度(du)考慮(lv)，變(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電站應(ying)接近負(fu)荷中心。從(cong)生(sheng)產角(jiao)度(du)考慮(lv)，變(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電站不(bu)應(ying)妨(fang)礙生(sheng)產和廠內運輸(shu)，變(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電站本(ben)身設(she)備的(de)運輸(shu)也應(ying)當方便。從(cong)安全角(jiao)度(du)考慮(lv)，變(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電站應(ying)避(bi)開易(yi)燃易(yi)爆(bao)場所(suo)(suo)。變(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電站宜設(she)在單位的(de)上風(feng)側。在企業(ye)中，不(bu)易(yi)設(she)在容易(yi)沉積(ji)粉塵和纖維的(de)場所(suo)(suo)。變(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電站不(bu)應(ying)設(she)在人員(yuan)密集的(de)地方。變(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電站的(de)選址和建(jian)筑還應(ying)考慮(lv)到滅火、防(fang)(fang)蝕(shi)、防(fang)(fang)污、防(fang)(fang)水、防(fang)(fang)雨、防(fang)(fang)雪、防(fang)(fang)震以及(ji)防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)小動物(wu)鉆入的(de)要求。（規范注意！）

作用(yong)：變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)是(shi)連接發電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)一個過(guo)渡(du)裝置(zhi)。由于發電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)城市和工廠(chang)(chang)(chang)距(ju)離(li)非常(chang)(chang)遠，而發電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)發出的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不高，這樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)流就(jiu)(jiu)很(hen)大(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)流大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)話，在輸電(dian)(dian)線路上根據(ju)焦耳定律就(jiu)(jiu)會產生很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)熱量，這樣(yang)會導致輸電(dian)(dian)線路損壞，而且電(dian)(dian)流轉換為熱能也是(shi)一種損失，所以需要把發電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)通過(guo)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)升高，到(dao)(dao)50萬伏(fu)，然(ran)后(hou)長距(ju)離(li)輸送(song)到(dao)(dao)我們生活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)城市和工廠(chang)(chang)(chang)，然(ran)后(hou)又通過(guo)當地的(de)(de)(de)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)把電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降低(di)，通過(guo)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)等措施編成我們日常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)220伏(fu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

上述開閉所、配電房、變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)、變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)之(zhi)間的(de)關(guan)系(xi)是(shi)一個(ge)比(bi)一個(ge)大(da)，輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等級(ji)在(zai)35KV及(ji)以(yi)上，供出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為10KV（或(huo)者(zhe)6kv）的(de)，有(you)主(zhu)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器，有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)改變(bian)(bian)的(de)叫變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)； 10kv及(ji)以(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等級(ji)輸入(ru)的(de)，叫配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不變(bian)(bian)，沒有(you)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器，只有(you)同一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等級(ji)輸入(ru)輸出(chu)的(de)，10kv電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等級(ji)的(de)，就是(shi)開閉所(suo)，35kv及(ji)以(yi)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等級(ji)的(de)，叫開關(guan)站(zhan)，變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)含有(you)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器，開閉所(suo)只有(you)開關(guan)柜，包括高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)荷開關(guan)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)斷路器，配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房是(shi)高、低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成套裝置(zhi)(zhi)集中(zhong)控(kong)制，接受和分配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)場所(suo)，配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房內設(she)備主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)柜，配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)柜分成進線(xian)柜、計量(liang)(liang)柜、聯絡柜、出(chu)線(xian)柜、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容柜等，主(zhu)要(yao)由空氣開關(guan)、計量(liang)(liang)、指導儀表、保護裝置(zhi)(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器、接觸器等組成。

（五）牽引變電所

定(ding)義：牽(qian)引變電(dian)(dian)所(suo)的功能是將三相(xiang)的110KV(或220KV)高壓交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)變換為(wei)兩(liang)(liang)個單相(xiang)的27.5KV的交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)，然后向鐵路上、下(xia)行兩(liang)(liang)個方(fang)向的接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)網(額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)27.5KV)供電(dian)(dian)，牽(qian)引變電(dian)(dian)所(suo)每一(yi)側的接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)網都被稱做供電(dian)(dian)臂。該兩(liang)(liang)臂的接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)網電(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)位是不同(tong)的，一(yi)般(ban)是用分相(xiang)絕(jue)緣器(qi)隔離(li)開來。相(xiang)鄰變電(dian)(dian)所(suo)間的接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)網電(dian)(dian)壓一(yi)般(ban)是同(tong)相(xiang)的[BFQ]，期間除(chu)也用分相(xiang)絕(jue)緣器(qi)隔離(li)外，還(huan)設(she)置了分區亭(ting)，通過分區亭(ting)斷路器(qi)或隔離(li)開關的操作，實行雙(shuang)邊(或單邊)供電(dian)(dian)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)牽引的(de)(de)(de)(de)專用變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)。牽引變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)把(ba)區域(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)送(song)(song)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)牽引對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同要求，轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)適(shi)用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)牽引的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，然后分(fen)別送(song)(song)到(dao)沿鐵(tie)路線上空(kong)架設的(de)(de)(de)(de)接觸網，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)機車供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，或者送(song)(song)到(dao)地(di)下鐵(tie)道等城市交通所(suo)(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)，為(wei)地(di)鐵(tie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車輛或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。一條電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化鐵(tie)路沿線設有多(duo)個牽引變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)，相鄰變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)距離約為(wei)40~50公里(li)。在(zai)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化鐵(tie)路中(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)了把(ba)高(gao)壓輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線分(fen)段以縮小故障范圍,一般每(mei)隔200~250公里(li)還設有支柱牽引變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo),它(ta)除了完成(cheng)一般變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)外，還把(ba)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網送(song)(song)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，通過它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)母線和輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線分(fen)配給其他中(zhong)(zhong)間變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)。

說到這里那(nei)再談一(yi)下分(fen)(fen)區亭(ting)：剛才提到了，設置于兩個牽引變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所的(de)(de)(de)中間，可使兩相鄰的(de)(de)(de)接觸(chu)網供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區段(同一(yi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臂(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)上、下行或(huo)兩相鄰變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所的(de)(de)(de)兩供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臂(bei)(bei))實現并聯或(huo)單獨工作。如果分(fen)(fen)區廳兩側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)某一(yi)區段接觸(chu)網發(fa)生短路故(gu)障(zhang)，可由供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)牽引變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線斷(duan)路器及(ji)分(fen)(fen)區亭(ting)斷(duan)路器，在繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護的(de)(de)(de)作用下自(zi)動(dong)跳閘(zha)，將故(gu)障(zhang)段接觸(chu)網切(qie)除(chu)，而非故(gu)障(zhang)段的(de)(de)(de)接觸(chu)網仍照常(chang)工作，從(cong)而使事故(gu)范圍縮小一(yi)半。

位置：設(she)在(zai)兩個牽(qian)引變電所中間，增加供電的靈活性(xing)(xing)、可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)。

作用：分相；越區供電(dian)；縮小事(shi)故的范(fan)圍(wei)。

（六(liu)）箱式變(bian)壓器（俗稱箱變(bian)）

定義：箱式變電站，又(you)叫預裝(zhuang)(zhuang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)或(huo)預裝(zhuang)(zhuang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。是一種(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開關(guan)設備、配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)和(he)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，按一定(ding)接線(xian)方案排成(cheng)(cheng)一體(ti)的工(gong)廠預制(zhi)戶(hu)內、戶(hu)外(wai)緊(jin)湊式(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，即將變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等功能有機地組合在一起，安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在一個防(fang)潮、防(fang)銹、防(fang)塵、防(fang)鼠、防(fang)火(huo)、防(fang)盜、隔熱、全封閉、可移動的鋼結構箱，特別適用于城網建設與改造(zao)，是繼(ji)土建變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)之(zhi)后崛起的一種(zhong)嶄新(xin)的變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。一般是把(ba)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，例如把(ba)10kv的線(xian)路經變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)380v的工(gong)作用電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。箱式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)適用于礦山、工(gong)廠企業、油氣田和(he)風力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，它替代了原有的土建配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)房，配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，成(cheng)(cheng)為新(xin)型的成(cheng)(cheng)套(tao)變(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。

箱(xiang)式變(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)（簡稱箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)）一般由高(gao)壓室(shi)、變(bian)(bian)壓器室(shi)和低(di)壓室(shi)組成。箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)產(chan)品是一種比較(jiao)簡易(yi)的(de)變(bian)(bian)配(pei)電裝置，其變(bian)(bian)壓器部分的(de)選擇(ze)，均可按一般通(tong)則處理，容量一般不(bu)超過1250kVA。臨(lin)時箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)：臨(lin)時用的(de)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)，比如某工地的(de)臨(lin)時變(bian)(bian)壓器，將來要拆除的(de)，不(bu)做永(yong)久(jiu)保留使用的(de)。

位置：

第一種：主要用在城市的(de)(de)住宅小區、以及街道，當用電(dian)高峰期。需要增加電(dian)壓時候，就(jiu)需要用到我們的(de)(de)設備(bei)-箱式變電(dian)站了。

第二種(zhong)：主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于臨時性的(de)供應電(dian)量，比(bi)如在工(gong)地，在已有建筑(zhu)物的(de)情況下，我們(men)需(xu)要(yao)改造用(yong)(yong)電(dian)設備(bei)。在野外(wai)作(zuo)業的(de)時候也是經常用(yong)(yong)到箱式(shi)變電(dian)站的(de)，

比如：工地、碼頭、機場等(deng)等(deng)。

作用：箱式(shi)變(bian)電站用于(yu)高層(ceng)住宅(zhai)，豪華別墅(shu)，廣場(chang)公(gong)園，居(ju)民小(xiao)區，中小(xiao)型工廠，礦山、油田，以及臨時(shi)施工用電等場(chang)所，作配電系(xi)統中接受和分配電能之用。

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