避(bi)雷(lei)器的(de)工作原理簡單的(de)講，就是這(zhe)種裝置設置在線路或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備上，當(dang)(dang)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)正常(chang)時，裝置與地是絕(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)，當(dang)(dang)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)侵(qin)入或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)增(zeng)高，裝置與地由絕(jue)緣(yuan)變成導通并擊穿放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，將雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流或過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)引(yin)入到大地，限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，起保(bao)護作用(yong)。雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過后(hou)，迅速(su)恢復原來(lai)對地絕(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)狀態，準(zhun)備再(zai)次起保(bao)護作用(yong)。

現在幾乎都用(yong)氧(yang)化(hua)鋅(xin)ZnO避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)，氧(yang)化(hua)鋅(xin)ZnO避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)是七十年代(dai)發展起來(lai)的(de)一(yi)(yi)種新(xin)型避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)，它(ta)主要由氧(yang)化(hua)鋅(xin)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)構成(cheng)(cheng)。每一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)從(cong)制成(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)就有(you)它(ta)的(de)一(yi)(yi)定開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（叫壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)），在正常的(de)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下（即小于(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)）壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)很大，相當(dang)于(yu)絕緣狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)，但在沖擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)作用(yong)下（大于(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)），壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)呈低值(zhi)被(bei)擊穿，相當(dang)于(yu)短路(lu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。然而壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)被(bei)擊狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)，是可以恢復的(de)；當(dang)高于(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)撤銷后(hou)，它(ta)又(you)恢復了高阻(zu)(zu)(zu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。因(yin)此，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力線上如(ru)安裝氧(yang)化(hua)鋅(xin)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)后(hou)，當(dang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)擊時(shi)，雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)波的(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)使壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)擊穿，雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)流(liu)入(ru)大地(di)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控制在安全范圍內(nei)，從(cong)而保(bao)護了電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)備(bei)的(de)安全。

安(an)徽得(de)潤電氣技術有(you)限公司在高低(di)壓(ya)開關柜的(de)(de)生產過程中嚴格遵循避雷器的(de)(de)使用要求和(he)規范：

1、10KV或者(zhe)35KV的(de)開(kai)關(guan)柜，如果有架空線(xian)(xian)路(lu)電源進(jin)線(xian)(xian)或者(zhe)出線(xian)(xian)，為了防雷電過電壓進(jin)入，在母線(xian)(xian)上(shang)安裝避雷器；

2、在(zai)進線柜上或者分段柜上裝(zhuang)避雷器(qi)，為(wei)了防止進線是架(jia)空進線，引進雷電(dian)過電(dian)壓，在(zai)柜內也(ye)安裝(zhuang)有(you)避雷器(qi)；

3、采用了開斷(duan)(duan)(duan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)很短的(de)(de)真空斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)(qi)或者SF6斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)(qi)，在開斷(duan)(duan)(duan)小電流的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候會產(chan)生(sheng)操(cao)作過電壓(ya)，在開關柜的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)中斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)負荷端也(ye)加裝避雷器(qi)(qi)，同時(shi)(shi)也(ye)防(fang)止了外部進入(ru)的(de)(de)過電壓(ya)。

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