高壓開關柜合(he)閘(zha)故障(zhang)的判斷和(he)處(chu)理 

合(he)(he)閘故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)可(ke)分為電氣(qi)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)和機械故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)。合(he)(he)閘方式有手(shou)動和電動兩種。手(shou)動不(bu)能(neng)合(he)(he)閘一般是(shi)機械故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)。手(shou)動可(ke)以合(he)(he)閘，電動不(bu)能(neng)合(he)(he)閘是(shi)電氣(qi)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)。

1、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動作:在前面已經(jing)分(fen)析過保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動作使開(kai)關(guan)跳(tiao)閘(zha)(zha)。開(kai)關(guan)送(song)電(dian)前線(xian)路有故(gu)障保(bao)護(hu)(hu)回(hui)路使防(fang)跳(tiao)繼電(dian)器作用。合(he)閘(zha)(zha)后開(kai)關(guan)立(li)即(ji)跳(tiao)閘(zha)(zha)。即(ji)使轉換(huan)開(kai)關(guan)還在合(he)閘(zha)(zha)位置，開(kai)關(guan)也不會再次合(he)閘(zha)(zha)連續跳(tiao)躍。

2、防護故(gu)(gu)障:現在高壓柜內都設置(zhi)(zhi)了五防功能，要求開(kai)關(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)在運行(xing)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)或試驗(yan)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)能合(he)閘。也就(jiu)是位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)閉合(he)，電動不(bu)(bu)能合(he)閘。這種故(gu)(gu)障在合(he)閘過程中經常遇到。此時(shi)運行(xing)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)燈(deng)或試驗(yan)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)燈(deng)不(bu)(bu)亮。將開(kai)關(guan)(guan)手車稍微移動使限位(wei)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)閉合(he)即可(ke)送電。如果限位(wei)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)偏移距(ju)離太大，應當(dang)進(jin)行(xing)調整。

3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)連鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)故障(zhang):高壓系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)為(wei)了系(xi)統(tong)的可(ke)(ke)靠運(yun)行設(she)置一(yi)(yi)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)連鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)。例如(ru)在兩(liang)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進(jin)線(xian)的單母線(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)段系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，要求兩(liang)路(lu)進(jin)線(xian)柜(ju)(ju)和(he)母聯(lian)柜(ju)(ju)這(zhe)三臺開(kai)關(guan)只能合(he)(he)(he)(he)兩(liang)臺。如(ru)果(guo)三臺都閉合(he)(he)(he)(he)將會有(you)反(fan)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的危(wei)險。并且短(duan)路(lu)參數變化，并列運(yun)行短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)增大。(進(jin)線(xian)柜(ju)(ju)連鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)串連母聯(lian)柜(ju)(ju)的常閉接點，要求母聯(lian)柜(ju)(ju)分(fen)(fen)(fen)閘(zha)(zha)狀(zhuang)態進(jin)線(xian)柜(ju)(ju)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)閘(zha)(zha)。母聯(lian)柜(ju)(ju)的連鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)是(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別用(yong)兩(liang)路(lu)進(jin)線(xian)柜(ju)(ju)的一(yi)(yi)個常開(kai)和(he)一(yi)(yi)個常閉串連后再并連。這(zhe)樣就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)保(bao)證母聯(lian)柜(ju)(ju)在兩(liang)路(lu)進(jin)線(xian)柜(ju)(ju)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個合(he)(he)(he)(he)閘(zha)(zha)另一(yi)(yi)個分(fen)(fen)(fen)閘(zha)(zha)時(shi)方(fang)(fang)可(ke)(ke)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。)在高壓柜(ju)(ju)不能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)閘(zha)(zha)時(shi)，首(shou)先應當考慮(lv)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)連鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)，不能盲目地用(yong)手動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)閘(zha)(zha)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)連鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)故障(zhang)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都是(shi)(shi)操作不當，不能滿(man)足(zu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)閘(zha)(zha)要求。例如(ru)合(he)(he)(he)(he)母聯(lian)雖(sui)然(ran)進(jin)線(xian)柜(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)閘(zha)(zha)柜(ju)(ju)內手車被拉(la)出，插(cha)頭沒有(you)插(cha)上。如(ru)果(guo)連鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)發(fa)生故障(zhang)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)檢查故障(zhang)部位。利用(yong)紅、綠燈判斷(duan)輔助開(kai)關(guan)故障(zhang)簡單方(fang)(fang)便，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)不太可(ke)(ke)靠。可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)檢查確定。檢修(xiu)輔助開(kai)關(guan)的方(fang)(fang)法是(shi)(shi)調整固定法蘭的角度(du)，調整輔助開(kai)關(guan)連桿的長度(du)等。

4、控制回路開路故障(zhang):在控制回路中(zhong)控制開關(guan)損壞(huai)、線(xian)路斷線(xian)等都使合閘(zha)線(xian)圈不能(neng)得電(dian)。這時候合閘(zha)線(xian)圈沒(mei)有(you)動作(zuo)的聲音。測(ce)量線(xian)圈兩端沒(mei)有(you)電(dian)壓。檢查(cha)方法是用(yong)萬用(yong)表檢查(cha)開路點。

5、合閘線圈故障:合閘線圈燒毀是短路故障。這時候有異味、冒煙、保險熔短等現象發生。合閘線圈設計為短時工作制，通電時間不能太長。合閘失敗后應當及時查找原因，不應該多次反復合閘。特別是CD型電磁操作機構的合閘線圈，由于通過電流較大多次合閘容易燒壞。在檢修高壓柜不能合閘的故障時經常使用試送電的方法。這種方法可以排除線路故障(變壓器溫度、瓦斯故障除外)、電氣連鎖故障、限位開關故障。故障部位基本可以確定在手車內部。所以在應急處理時可以用試驗位置試送電，更換備用手車送電的方法進行處理。這樣可以起到事半功倍的效果并且可以減少停電時間。 

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