在供配電行業中，無功補償裝置是成套設備中不可缺少的配電柜。當然，無功功率不是無用功率，在供電系統中，電容和電感都是不可缺少的負載，因此無功的存在對能量的傳輸和交換是非常重要的。今天就以高壓無功就地補償裝置了解(jie)其中的(de)基(ji)本原理。

一、了解無功補償

系(xi)(xi)(xi)統中眾(zhong)多的(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)，尤其是(shi)感性(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)，正常來講，這(zhe)些負(fu)載(zai)(zai)所(suo)吸收(shou)的(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率是(shi)由發電(dian)(dian)廠提供(gong)的(de)，也就是(shi)說發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)在工作時(shi)(shi)就會向系(xi)(xi)(xi)統釋放有(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)對(dui)感性(xing)(xing)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)提供(gong)相應的(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)。發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)運行時(shi)(shi)必(bi)須要(yao)保持適當的(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)輸(shu)出，如果沒有(you)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)輸(shu)出就會對(dui)發電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統造成破壞(huai)性(xing)(xing)的(de)影響，也就是(shi)說保護系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)平(ping)衡(heng)至關重要(yao)。

二、工作原理

一般在(zai)(zai)系(xi)統中所說的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)大部(bu)分是感性(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)，把具(ju)有(you)容(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)裝置與感性(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)并(bing)聯接(jie)在(zai)(zai)同一電(dian)路(lu)，當感性(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)吸收能量(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)，容(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)釋(shi)放能量(liang)(liang)(liang)，而(er)(er)感性(xing)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)釋(shi)放能量(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)，容(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)卻(que)在(zai)(zai)吸收能量(liang)(liang)(liang)，能量(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)容(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)和感性(xing)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)之間交換(huan)。高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)地補(bu)(bu)償(chang)裝置將固定(ding)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器組并(bing)聯在(zai)(zai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)上，就(jiu)地提(ti)(ti)供(gong)固定(ding)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，補(bu)(bu)償(chang)感性(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因數，穩(wen)定(ding)系(xi)統電(dian)壓(ya)，從而(er)(er)降低(di)線路(lu)損耗，節約(yue)電(dian)費成本，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)變壓(ya)器傳輸(shu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)整體的(de)(de)電(dian)力傳輸(shu)效率(lv)(lv)。

三、優缺點

優(you)點：用電設(she)備(bei)(bei)運行時，無(wu)功補(bu)償投入，用電設(she)備(bei)(bei)停(ting)運時，補(bu)償設(she)備(bei)(bei)也退出，而且(qie)不(bu)需頻繁(fan)；調整補(bu)償容量。所用元器件數(shu)量少于(yu)單(dan)個(ge)補(bu)償，可以減輕至負載組配電的(de)線路負擔；具(ju)有(you)投資少、占位小、安(an)裝容易(yi)、配置方便靈(ling)活、維護簡單(dan)、事故率低等特點；就(jiu)地補(bu)償不(bu)宜用在(zai)頻繁(fan)投切的(de)場合，因為操作電壓的(de)降低對電容器的(de)沖(chong)擊。

缺點：不易于(yu)對整個(ge)線路的集中(zhong)控(kong)制管理(li)，降低電網的管理(li)效(xiao)率。

高壓無(wu)功補償(chang)(chang)裝置的補償(chang)(chang)方式除了就地補償(chang)(chang)，還有(you)集中(zhong)補償(chang)(chang)、自動補償(chang)(chang)等(deng)方式，一般(ban)根據現(xian)場不同方案(an)的選擇(ze)、電機功率大小、以及線(xian)路(lu)負載情況(kuang)選擇(ze)合適的設計方案(an)。而(er)高壓無(wu)功就地補償(chang)(chang)裝置廣泛應用于水泥、電廠等(deng)行業。

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