通常電器里面的接線為三根居多，但也有兩根或者四根、五根線的。看多了警匪片總有一種剪錯了顏色會爆炸的設想。這都源于對電氣內的未(wei)知，各種顏色交織的線路讓人(ren)摸不到頭(tou)腦(nao)。

有(you)(you)些(xie)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器用三(san)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)，三(san)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)都是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)線(xian)，任意(yi)兩(liang)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)線(xian)之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)(shi)380V，這樣的(de)叫做(zuo)三(san)項電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器比如說三(san)項異步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)。有(you)(you)的(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器用兩(liang)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)線(xian)，都是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)線(xian)，兩(liang)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)相(xiang)線(xian)之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓也是(shi)(shi)380V，這樣的(de)叫做(zuo)兩(liang)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器比如說電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊機(ji)。有(you)(you)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)也有(you)(you)兩(liang)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)線(xian)，但是(shi)(shi)卻一(yi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)火(huo)線(xian)一(yi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)零線(xian)，兩(liang)者電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為220V，主要用在家用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣上面，我(wo)們把(ba)這樣的(de)叫做(zuo)單(dan)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。既然三(san)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)的(de)是(shi)(shi)三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩(liang)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)的(de)是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)項電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，那(nei)么四(si)(si)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)線(xian)的(de)五根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)線(xian)的(de)是(shi)(shi)什么呢，是(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)相(xiang)、五相(xiang)嗎？那(nei)您可就大錯特錯了。

電(dian)(dian)源的三(san)(san)相(xiang)：三(san)(san)相(xiang)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)作為電(dian)(dian)源產生三(san)(san)相(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)用：U、V、W表示

電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)三相(xiang)：供電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)頭為(wei)三相(xiang)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)用(yong)：L1、L2、L3表(biao)示

線電壓(ya)(ya)：相線之間的電壓(ya)(ya)，一般標準(zhun)電壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)380V；

相(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)：中(zhong)性(xing)線與相(xiang)線之間(jian)存在(zai)的電(dian)壓(ya)，一般標(biao)準電(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)220V。

1、單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)源與(yu)三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)區(qu)別(bie)和聯系：在電(dian)(dian)網(wang)源頭的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)機發出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)都是三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)，三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)源就是可(ke)以為用戶提供三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源，單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)源就是三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中的(de)(de)任意一(yi)項和中線點形(xing)成的(de)(de)單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)回路。

2、國家(jia)規定(ding)，民(min)用三相電(dian)源的(de)(de)中(zhong)性點(dian)須在(zai)變壓(ya)(ya)器端接(jie)地，我們平時用的(de)(de)電(dian)就是一(yi)根火線(xian)和從變壓(ya)(ya)器中(zhong)性點(dian)印(yin)出來的(de)(de)一(yi)條零線(xian)構成的(de)(de)回路(lu)。在(zai)單相三芯的(de)(de)電(dian)源插孔中(zhong)還(huan)接(jie)有(you)一(yi)根接(jie)地線(xian)，這根線(xian)是和漏電(dian)保護器一(yi)起使用的(de)(de)，并(bing)沒有(you)實際意義(yi)。

3、我們平時見到的三相供電都(dou)是由三根相線組成的，一般線電壓為380V，但也(ye)有特殊情況采(cai)用660VAC、6000VAC提(ti)供電能。

4、真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)兩相電(dian)其(qi)實非常少見，只用在特殊的(de)設備例如電(dian)焊(han)機等(deng)(deng)，其(qi)電(dian)壓等(deng)(deng)級一般也是380V；還有超大的(de)工業電(dian)焊(han)機用到(dao)的(de)兩相電(dian)電(dian)壓等(deng)(deng)級更高。

我們平時用(yong)到的(de)電(dian)一(yi)般是單相電(dian)，由一(yi)根火線(xian)和一(yi)根零線(xian)構成，雖然有人叫他兩(liang)相電(dian)但是也只是一(yi)種名譽上的(de)兩(liang)相電(dian)，也叫做民用(yong)電(dian)。

因為(wei)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式考慮(lv)到實(shi)(shi)際情況，其(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)方案也多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣就(jiu)會讓不懂(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的人感到非常迷惑，認為(wei)三(san)根(gen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)，兩根(gen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)兩項，按照如此推算四(si)根(gen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)四(si)相(xiang)(xiang)五根(gen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)五相(xiang)(xiang)。因為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)經常鬧(nao)出好多(duo)笑話，小(xiao)編曾經帶過(guo)一(yi)個(ge)徒弟就(jiu)問過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣的問題，哎(ai)呀我也是(shi)(shi)無語了。其(qi)實(shi)(shi)我們(men)平時看(kan)到的四(si)根(gen)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)五根(gen)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)“三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)四(si)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制”和“三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)五線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制”，其(qi)本質上還是(shi)(shi)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。其(qi)實(shi)(shi)，“三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)四(si)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制”是(shi)(shi)三(san)根(gen)相(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)加(jia)上一(yi)根(gen)中性線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；“三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)五線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制”是(shi)(shi)三(san)根(gen)相(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)加(jia)上中性線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)N和地線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)PE。

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